Reproducibility of flow and wall shear stress analysis using flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI. Cardiovascular flow measurement with phase-contrast MR imaging: basic facts and implementation. A concordance correlation coefficient to evaluate reproducibility. Cardiac imaging using gated magnetic resonance. ECG-synchronized cardiac MR imaging: method and evaluation. Positive correlation between plaque location and low oscillating shear stress. Pulsatile flow and atherosclerosis in the human carotid bifurcation. Pulsatile flow in a model carotid bifurcation. Velocity quantification in 44 healthy volunteers using accelerated multi-VENC 4D flow CMR. A new method for quantifying abdominal aortic wall shear stress using phase contrast magnetic resonance and the Womersley solution. Comparision between prospective and retrospetive triggering for mouse cardiac MRI. Pulsatile flow in the human left coronary artery bifurcation: average conditions. Valve-related hemodynamics mediate human bicuspid aortopathy: insights from wall shear stress mapping. 4-D flow magnetic resonance imaging: blood flow quantification compared to 2-D phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler echocardiography. Comparison of retrospectively self-gated and prospectively triggered FLASH sequences for cine imaging of the Aorta in mice at 9.4 Tesla. Validation of two accelerated 4D flow MRI sequences at 3T: a phantom study. 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement. Tricuspid flow and regurgitation in congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension: comparison of 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance and echocardiography. Toronto: Center for Integrative Biomedical Computing, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, 2016ĭriessen, M. Seg3D: Volumetric Image Segmentation and Visualization. Steady flow in a model of the human carotid bifurcation. Interchangeable neck shape–specific coils for a clinically realizable anterior neck phased array system. Bicuspid aortic valve is associated with altered wall shear stress in the ascending aorta. The ParaView Guide: A Parallel Visualization Application. However, the increased temporal coverage of retrospective acquisitions depicts increased retrograde flow patterns (i.e., disturbed flow) not captured by the prospective gating technique.Īyachit, U. Prospective and retrospective ECG-gated 4D flow cMRI acquisitions provide comparable evaluations of fluid velocities, including velocity vector components, in the carotid bifurcation. Importantly, retrospective acquisitions captured increased retrograde flow in the internal carotid artery (i.e., carotid sinus) compared to prospective acquisitions (10.4 ± 6.3% vs. No significant differences in velocity magnitudes or components ( \(\)) were observed. Voxel differences in time-averaged, peak systolic, and diastolic-averaged velocity magnitudes between gating techniques across all volunteers were 2.7%, 1.2%, and 6.4%, respectively. ResultsĪgreement in the kinematic data (e.g., bulk flow features and velocity data) were observed in the prospectively and retrospectively gated acquisitions. Qualitative agreement between gating techniques was performed by visualizing flow streamlines and topographical images, and statistical comparisons between gating techniques were performed across the fluid volume and defined anatomic regions. Velocity data were extracted from the fluid domain and evaluated across the entire volume or at defined anatomic planes (common, internal, external carotid arteries). MRI sequence parameters were held constant across all scans except temporal resolution values differed. Prospective and retrospective ECG-gated three-dimensional (3D) cine phase-contrast cardiac MRI with three-direction velocity encoding (i.e., 4D flow cMRI) data were acquired in ten carotid bifurcations from men ( n = 3) and women ( n = 2) that were cardiovascular disease-free. To evaluate the agreement of 4D flow cMRI-derived bulk flow features and fluid (blood) velocities in the carotid bifurcation using prospective and retrospective gating techniques.
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